对于一些静态内容，如果想简单的实现程序一级的缓存，除了opcache，还可以在fastcgi一层实现，配置如下。 如果还不清楚哪个url可以缓存，建议先设$skip_cache为1，然后对要开缓存的单独再配置开启，这样更保险一些。速度可以几十倍的提升！因为直接绕开PHP的解析和执行，效果跟反向代理差不多。配置好后注意仔细测试添加的规则是否按设置正常运行了，避免动态程序被缓存导致的异常。
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
# NGINX - FastCGI CACHE configuration
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Created by Ryadel on 2017.12.09
# www.ryadel.com
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
user www;
worker_processes 2;
working_directory /var/www;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
# FASTCGI GLOBAL CONFIGURATION - START
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
# below lines must be outside server blocks to enable FastCGI cache for Nginx
# path can be anywhere, app name must be consistent, total size small enough to avoid RAM depletion
fastcgi_cache_path /var/cache/nginx/fastcgi levels=1:2 keys_zone=WORDPRESS:256m inactive=30m;
fastcgi_cache_key "$scheme$request_method$host$request_uri";
fastcgi_cache_use_stale error timeout invalid_header http_500;
fastcgi_ignore_headers Cache-Control Expires Set-Cookie;
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
# FASTCGI GLOBAL CONFIGURATION - END
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Custom header that will tell us if the response page has been served from cache (HIT) or from the upstream host (BYPASS or MISS).
add_header X-FastCGI-Cache $upstream_cache_status;
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.yourwebsite.com default_server;
root <path_to_your_website_files>;
index index.php;
autoindex off;
set $skip_cache 0;
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
# CACHE SKIP RULES - START
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Do not cache POST requests - they should always go to PHP
if ($request_method = POST) {
set $skip_cache 1;
}
# Do not cache URLs with a query string - they should always go to PHP
if ($query_string != "") {
set $skip_cache 1;
}
# WooCommerce-specific cache skip rules
if ($request_uri ~* "/store.*|/cart.*|/my-account.*|/checkout.*|/addons.*") {
set $skip_cache 1;
set $skip_cache_reason WP_WooCommerce;
}
if ($cookie_woocommerce_items_in_cart) {
set $skip_cache 1;
set $skip_cache_reason WP_WooCommerce;
}
if ($request_uri ~* ("/cart.*")) {
set $skip_cache 1;
}
# Don't cache URIs containing the following segments (admin panel, sitemaps, feeds, etc.)
if ($request_uri ~* "(/wp-admin/|/xmlrpc.php|/wp-(app|cron|login|register|mail).php|wp-.*.php|/feed/|index.php|wp-comments-popup.php|wp-links-opml.php|wp-locations.php|sitemap(_index)?.xml|[a-z0-9_-]+-sitemap([0-9]+)?.xml)") {
set $skip_cache 1;
}
# Don't use the cache for logged-in users or recent commenters
if ($http_cookie ~* "comment_author|wordpress_[a-f0-9]+|wp-postpass|wordpress_no_cache|wordpress_logged_in") {
set $skip_cache 1;
}
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
# CACHE SKIP RULES - END
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
try_files $uri =404; # comment out this line if php-fpm is hosted on a remote machine
include /etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf;
limit_req zone=limit_req_php burst=20 nodelay;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root/$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_cache WORDPRESS;
fastcgi_cache_valid 200 60m;
fastcgi_cache_bypass $skip_cache;
fastcgi_no_cache $skip_cache;
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(/.*)$;
if (!-f $document_root$fastcgi_script_name) {
return 404;
}
}
}
}注意：如果使用了rewrite，对路径进行了修改的，匹配路径时要使用修改之后的路径，否则$skip_cache可能不会生效。安全的做法是rewrite前、后的路径都配置一下。
nginx fastcgi cache module 各指令的详细解释
