在 amd64 架构的 Gentoo 系统中构编译 aarch64 的环境


首先需要在 x86 的环境下准备 aarch64 的交叉编译环境。Gentoo 下的交叉环境构建是使用 crossdev 工具，所以先通过 emerge 命令进行安装。

emerge -avt sys-devel/crossdev

修改配置文件的内容，主要是生成的交叉编译工具链的存储位置。如果没有对应的目录，通过 mkdir -pv /usr/local/portage-crossdev 命令创建目录。

    
    
    

     
     
     
[crossdev]location = /usr/local/portage-crossdevpriority = 10masters = gentooauto-sync = no

    
    
    
构建 aarch64 的交叉编译工具链
crossdev --stable -t aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu --init-target -oO /usr/local/portage-crossdevecho "cross-aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/gcc cxx multilib fortran -mudflap nls openmp -sanitize -vtv" >> /etc/portage/package.use/crossdevcrossdev --stable -t aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu -oO /usr/local/portage-crossdev

通过 gcc 命令确定是否安装正确

gcc-config -laarch64-unknown-linux-gnu-gcc --versionaarch64-unknown-linux-gnu-c++ --versionaarch64-unknown-linux-gnu-g++ --version

在 make.conf 文件中加入编译参数，同时将 static-libs 和 static-user 加入到 QEMU 和依赖包中。

echo 'QEMU_SOFTMMU_TARGETS="alpha aarch64 arm i386 mips mips64 mips64el mipsel ppc ppc64 s390x sh4 sh4eb sparc sparc64 x86_64"' >> /etc/portage/make.confecho 'QEMU_USER_TARGETS="alpha aarch64 arm armeb i386 mips mipsel ppc ppc64 ppc64abi32 s390x sh4 sh4eb sparc sparc32plus sparc64"' >> /etc/portage/make.confecho app-emulation/qemu static-user >> /etc/portage/package.use/qemuecho dev-libs/glib static-libs >> /etc/portage/package.use/glibecho sys-libs/zlib static-libs >> /etc/portage/package.use/zlibecho sys-apps/attr static-libs >> /etc/portage/package.use/attrecho dev-libs/libpcre static-libs >> /etc/portage/package.use/libpcreemerge -avt app-emulation/qemu
使用 quickpkg 命令构建 QEMU 的二进制包
quickpkg app-emulation/qemu

启用 binfmt_misc 并注册 aarch64 架构

[ -d /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc ] || modprobe binfmt_misc[ -f /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register ] || mount/ binfmt_misc -t binfmt_misc /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_miscecho ':aarch64:M::\x7fELF\x02\x01\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\xb7:\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff:/usr/bin/qemu-aarch64:' > /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register

启用 qemu-binfmt

rc-service qemu-binfmt startrc-update add qemu-binfmt default
最后在 mount 命令中检查 binfmt_misc 是否存在
binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)


准备安装介质


使用 fdisk 命令格式化硬盘，创建 efi 和 root 两个分区

gentoo-amd64 ~ # fdisk /dev/sdbWelcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.35.1).Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): pDisk /dev/sdb: 1.84 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectorsDisk model: Portable SSD T5Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisklabel type: gptDisk identifier: DF2FC989-B32E-4885-8341-363663A4ABEF
Command (m for help): nPartition number (1-128, default 1):First sector (34-3907029134, default 2048):Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-3907029134, default 3907029134): +256M
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 256 MiB.Partition #1 contains a vfat signature.
Do you want to remove the signature? [Y]es/[N]o: Y
The signature will be removed by a write command.
Command (m for help): tSelected partition 1Partition type (type L to list all types): 1Changed type of partition 'Linux filesystem' to 'EFI System'.
Command (m for help): nPartition number (2-128, default 2):First sector (526336-3907029134, default 526336):Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (526336-3907029134, default 3907029134):
Created a new partition 2 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 1.8 TiB.Partition #2 contains a vfat signature.
Do you want to remove the signature? [Y]es/[N]o: Y
The signature will be removed by a write command.
Command (m for help): tPartition number (1,2, default 2): 2Partition type (type L to list all types): 25
Changed type of partition 'Linux filesystem' to 'Linux root (ARM-64)'.
Command (m for help): pDisk /dev/sdb: 1.84 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectorsDisk model: Portable SSD T5Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisklabel type: gptDisk identifier: DF2FC989-B32E-4885-8341-363663A4ABEF
Device      Start        End    Sectors  Size Type/dev/sdb1    2048     526335     524288  256M EFI System/dev/sdb2  526336 3907029134 3906502799  1.8T Linux root (ARM-64)
Filesystem/RAID signature on partition 1 will be wiped.Filesystem/RAID signature on partition 2 will be wiped.
Command (m for help): wThe partition table has been altered.Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.Syncing disks.

格式化磁盘

mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb2mkfs.vfat -F 32 /dev/sdb1

挂载格式化后的分区到安装目录

mount /dev/sdb2 /mnt/gentoomkdir -p /mnt/gentoo/boot/efimount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/gentoo/boot/efimount
/dev/sdb2 on /mnt/gentoo type ext4 (rw,relatime)/dev/sdb1 on /mnt/gentoo/boot/efi type vfat (rw,relatime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,errors=remount-ro)

到开源镜像站点下载 stage3 文件到安装的根目录并解压

cd /mnt/gentoo/links https://mirrors.163.comtime tar xvf stage3-arm64-20191124.tar.bz2

拷贝 repos.conf 的配置，并修改 rsync 的镜像源为

rsync://rsync.cn.gentoo.org/gentoo-portagemkdir --parents /mnt/gentoo/etc/portage/repos.confcp /mnt/gentoo/usr/share/portage/config/repos.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/portage/repos.conf/gentoo.conf

拷贝 DNS 解析文件到安装目录，加载系统目录

cp -v /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/mount --types proc /proc /mnt/gentoo/procmount --rbind /sys /mnt/gentoo/sysmount --rbind /dev /mnt/gentoo/devmount --rbind /dev/pts /mnt/gentoo/dev/pts


切换环境安装 Gentoo 系统


切换到安装环境，设置盘符以区分安装环境和系统环境，并更新 portage

chroot /mnt/gentoo /bin/bashsource /etc/profileexport PS1="(chroot) ${PS1}"time emerge-webrsynctime emerge --sync

编辑 make.conf 文件

# These settings were set by the catalyst build script that automatically# built this stage.# Please consult /usr/share/portage/config/make.conf.example for a more# detailed example.COMMON_FLAGS="-O2 -pipe"CFLAGS="${COMMON_FLAGS}"CXXFLAGS="${COMMON_FLAGS}"FCFLAGS="${COMMON_FLAGS}"FFLAGS="${COMMON_FLAGS}"# WARNING: Changing your CHOST is not something that should be done lightly.# Please consult https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Changing_the_CHOST_variable before changing.CHOST="aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu"
# NOTE: This stage was built with the bindist Use flag enabledPORTDIR="/usr/portage"DISTDIR="/usr/portage/distfiles"PKGDIR="/usr/portage/packages"
# This sets the language of build output to English.# Please keep this setting intact when reporting bugs.LC_MESSAGES=C
MAKEOPTS="-j41"GENTOO_MIRRORS="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/gentoo"EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPTS="--ask --verbose=y --keep-going --with-bdeps=y --load-average"LINGUAS="en_US zh_CN en zh"ACCEPT_KEYWORDS="*"ACCEPT_LICENSE="*"
FEATURES="-pid-sandbox"
# LanguageLINGUAS="en_US zh_CN en zh"
# PythonPYTHON_TARGETS="python2_7 python3_6"
# RubyRUBY_TARGETS="ruby25 ruby26 ruby27"
# GRUP UEFIGRUB_PLATFORM="arm64-efi"
# QEMUQEMU_SOFTMMU_TARGETS="alpha aarch64 arm i386 mips mips64 mips64el mipsel ppc ppc64 s390x sh4 sh4eb sparc sparc64 x86_64"QEMU_USER_TARGETS="alpha aarch64 arm armeb i386 mips mipsel ppc ppc64 ppc64abi32 s390x sh4 sh4eb sparc sparc32plus sparc64"

设置时区和中文语言支持

echo "Asia/Shanghai"  > /etc/timezonetime emerge --config sys-libs/timezone-datanano -w /etc/locale.gen
en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8zh_CN.GBK GBKzh_CN.GB2312 GB2312zh_CN.GB18030 GB18030
locale-gen
下载内核源代码、编译工具 genkernel 和其它的依赖工具，提前下载 openEuler 的内核并拷贝到 /usr/src 目录下。
time emerge --ask gentoo-sources sys-kernel/linux-firmware genkernel vim wget links curl dev-vcs/git sys-boot/grub:2 efibootmgr

下载生成 fstab 的脚本工具，并生成 /etc/fstab 配置文件，通过 blkid 命令使用 UUID 切换

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/YangMame/Gentoo-Installer/master/genfstabchmod +x genfstab./genfstab / > /etc/fstab

使用 make 的编译命令编译和安装内核，genkernel 命令可能会不执行不编译 dtbs 部分 。

cd /usr/srctime unlink linuxtime ln -s openEuler linuxtime cd linuxtime make cleantime make distcleantime make openeuler_defconfigtime make menuconfigtime make -j$(nproc) Image modules dtbstime make installtime make modules_installtime make dtbs_install
使用 grub 安装 EFI 启动，efibootmgr 用于在泰山服务器上启动后添加启动项。
grub-install --target=arm64-efi

设置密码、主机名和安装必备软件并设置启动项目

passwdtime emerge -avt net-misc/dhcpcd app-misc/livecd-toolstime emerge -avt syslog-ng gentoolkittime rc-update add sshd defaultrc-update add syslog-ng defaultrc-update add dhcpcd defaultvim /etc/conf.d/hostname

退出安装环境，用安装介质启动泰山服务器

exitumount /mnt/gentoo/dev/ptsumount /mnt/gentoo/devumount /mnt/gentoo/procumount /mnt/gentoo/boot/efiumount /mnt/gentoo/bootumount /mnt/gentoo