Tomcat Session管理分析

原创
2018/06/06 12:37
阅读数 1.2W

系列文章

Nginx+Tomcat关于Session的管理

Tomcat Session管理分析

Spring-Session基于Redis管理Session

前言

在上文Nginx+Tomcat关于Session的管理中简单介绍了如何使用redis来集中管理session,本文首先将介绍默认的管理器是如何管理Session的生命周期的,然后在此基础上对Redis集中式管理Session进行分析。

Tomcat Manager介绍

上文中在Tomcat的context.xml中配置了Session管理器RedisSessionManager,实现了通过redis来存储session的功能;Tomcat本身提供了多种Session管理器,如下类图:
图片描述

1.Manager接口类
定义了用来管理session的基本接口,包括:createSession,findSession,add,remove等对session操作的方法;还有getMaxActive,setMaxActive,getActiveSessions活跃会话的管理;还有Session有效期的接口;以及与Container相关联的接口;

2.ManagerBase抽象类
实现了Manager接口,提供了基本的功能,使用ConcurrentHashMap存放session,提供了对session的create,find,add,remove功能,并且在createSession中了使用类SessionIdGenerator来生成会话id,作为session的唯一标识;

3.ClusterManager接口类
实现了Manager接口,集群session的管理器,Tomcat内置的集群服务器之间的session复制功能;

4.ClusterManagerBase抽象类
继承了ManagerBase抽象类,实现ClusterManager接口类,实现session复制基本功能;

5.PersistentManagerBase抽象类
继承了ManagerBase抽象类,实现了session管理器持久化的基本功能;内部有一个Store存储类,具体实现有:FileStore和JDBCStore;

6.StandardManager类
继承ManagerBase抽象类,Tomcat默认的Session管理器(单机版);对session提供了持久化功能,tomcat关闭的时候会将session保存到javax.servlet.context.tempdir路径下的SESSIONS.ser文件中,启动的时候会从此文件中加载session;

7.PersistentManager类
继承PersistentManagerBase抽象类,如果session空闲时间过长,将空闲session转换为存储,所以在findsession时会首先从内存中获取session,获取不到会多一步到store中获取,这也是PersistentManager类和StandardManager类的区别;

8.DeltaManager类
继承ClusterManagerBase,每一个节点session发生变更(增删改),都会通知其他所有节点,其他所有节点进行更新操作,任何一个session在每个节点都有备份;

9.BackupManager类
继承ClusterManagerBase,会话数据只有一个备份节点,这个备份节点的位置集群中所有节点都可见;相比较DeltaManager数据传输量较小,当集群规模比较大时DeltaManager的数据传输量会非常大;

10.RedisSessionManager类
继承ManagerBase抽象类,非Tomcat内置的管理器,使用redis集中存储session,省去了节点之间的session复制,依赖redis的可靠性,比起sessin复制扩展性更好;

Session的生命周期

1.解析获取requestedSessionId

当我们在类中通过request.getSession()时,tomcat是如何处理的,可以查看Request中的doGetSession方法:

protected Session doGetSession(boolean create) {
 
    // There cannot be a session if no context has been assigned yet
    Context context = getContext();
    if (context == null) {
        return (null);
    }
 
    // Return the current session if it exists and is valid
    if ((session != null) && !session.isValid()) {
        session = null;
    }
    if (session != null) {
        return (session);
    }
 
    // Return the requested session if it exists and is valid
    Manager manager = context.getManager();
    if (manager == null) {
        return null;        // Sessions are not supported
    }
    if (requestedSessionId != null) {
        try {
            session = manager.findSession(requestedSessionId);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            session = null;
        }
        if ((session != null) && !session.isValid()) {
            session = null;
        }
        if (session != null) {
            session.access();
            return (session);
        }
    }
 
    // Create a new session if requested and the response is not committed
    if (!create) {
        return (null);
    }
    if ((response != null) &&
            context.getServletContext().getEffectiveSessionTrackingModes().
            contains(SessionTrackingMode.COOKIE) &&
            response.getResponse().isCommitted()) {
        throw new IllegalStateException
        (sm.getString("coyoteRequest.sessionCreateCommitted"));
    }
 
    // Re-use session IDs provided by the client in very limited
    // circumstances.
    String sessionId = getRequestedSessionId();
    if (requestedSessionSSL) {
        // If the session ID has been obtained from the SSL handshake then
        // use it.
    } else if (("/".equals(context.getSessionCookiePath())
            && isRequestedSessionIdFromCookie())) {
        /* This is the common(ish) use case: using the same session ID with
         * multiple web applications on the same host. Typically this is
         * used by Portlet implementations. It only works if sessions are
         * tracked via cookies. The cookie must have a path of "/" else it
         * won't be provided for requests to all web applications.
         *
         * Any session ID provided by the client should be for a session
         * that already exists somewhere on the host. Check if the context
         * is configured for this to be confirmed.
         */
        if (context.getValidateClientProvidedNewSessionId()) {
            boolean found = false;
            for (Container container : getHost().findChildren()) {
                Manager m = ((Context) container).getManager();
                if (m != null) {
                    try {
                        if (m.findSession(sessionId) != null) {
                            found = true;
                            break;
                        }
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        // Ignore. Problems with this manager will be
                        // handled elsewhere.
                    }
                }
            }
            if (!found) {
                sessionId = null;
            }
        }
    } else {
        sessionId = null;
    }
    session = manager.createSession(sessionId);
 
    // Creating a new session cookie based on that session
    if ((session != null) && (getContext() != null)
            && getContext().getServletContext().
            getEffectiveSessionTrackingModes().contains(
                    SessionTrackingMode.COOKIE)) {
        Cookie cookie =
                ApplicationSessionCookieConfig.createSessionCookie(
                        context, session.getIdInternal(), isSecure());
 
        response.addSessionCookieInternal(cookie);
    }
 
    if (session == null) {
        return null;
    }
 
    session.access();
    return session;
}

如果session已经存在,则直接返回;如果不存在则判定requestedSessionId是否为空,如果不为空则通过requestedSessionId到Session manager中获取session,如果为空,并且不是创建session操作,直接返回null;否则会调用Session manager创建一个新的session;
关于requestedSessionId是如何获取的,Tomcat内部可以支持从cookie和url中获取,具体可以查看CoyoteAdapter类的postParseRequest方法部分代码:

String sessionID;
if (request.getServletContext().getEffectiveSessionTrackingModes()
        .contains(SessionTrackingMode.URL)) {
 
    // Get the session ID if there was one
    sessionID = request.getPathParameter(
            SessionConfig.getSessionUriParamName(
                    request.getContext()));
    if (sessionID != null) {
        request.setRequestedSessionId(sessionID);
        request.setRequestedSessionURL(true);
    }
}
 
// Look for session ID in cookies and SSL session
parseSessionCookiesId(req, request);

可以发现首先去url解析sessionId,如果获取不到则去cookie中获取,此处的SessionUriParamName=jsessionid;在cookie被浏览器禁用的情况下,我们可以看到url后面跟着参数jsessionid=xxxxxx;下面看一下parseSessionCookiesId方法:

String sessionCookieName = SessionConfig.getSessionCookieName(context);
 
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
    ServerCookie scookie = serverCookies.getCookie(i);
    if (scookie.getName().equals(sessionCookieName)) {
        // Override anything requested in the URL
        if (!request.isRequestedSessionIdFromCookie()) {
            // Accept only the first session id cookie
            convertMB(scookie.getValue());
            request.setRequestedSessionId
                (scookie.getValue().toString());
            request.setRequestedSessionCookie(true);
            request.setRequestedSessionURL(false);
            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                log.debug(" Requested cookie session id is " +
                    request.getRequestedSessionId());
            }
        } else {
            if (!request.isRequestedSessionIdValid()) {
                // Replace the session id until one is valid
                convertMB(scookie.getValue());
                request.setRequestedSessionId
                    (scookie.getValue().toString());
            }
        }
    }
}

sessionCookieName也是jsessionid,然后遍历cookie,从里面找出name=jsessionid的值赋值给request的requestedSessionId属性;

2.findSession查询session

获取到requestedSessionId之后,会通过此id去session Manager中获取session,不同的管理器获取的方式不一样,已默认的StandardManager为例:

protected Map<String, Session> sessions = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Session>();
 
public Session findSession(String id) throws IOException {
    if (id == null) {
        return null;
    }
    return sessions.get(id);
}

3.createSession创建session

没有获取到session,指定了create=true,则创建session,已默认的StandardManager为例:

public Session createSession(String sessionId) {
     
    if ((maxActiveSessions >= 0) &&
            (getActiveSessions() >= maxActiveSessions)) {
        rejectedSessions++;
        throw new TooManyActiveSessionsException(
                sm.getString("managerBase.createSession.ise"),
                maxActiveSessions);
    }
     
    // Recycle or create a Session instance
    Session session = createEmptySession();
 
    // Initialize the properties of the new session and return it
    session.setNew(true);
    session.setValid(true);
    session.setCreationTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
    session.setMaxInactiveInterval(((Context) getContainer()).getSessionTimeout() * 60);
    String id = sessionId;
    if (id == null) {
        id = generateSessionId();
    }
    session.setId(id);
    sessionCounter++;
 
    SessionTiming timing = new SessionTiming(session.getCreationTime(), 0);
    synchronized (sessionCreationTiming) {
        sessionCreationTiming.add(timing);
        sessionCreationTiming.poll();
    }
    return (session);
 
}

如果传的sessionId为空,tomcat会生成一个唯一的sessionId,具体可以参考类StandardSessionIdGenerator的generateSessionId方法;这里发现创建完session之后并没有把session放入ConcurrentHashMap中,其实在session.setId(id)中处理了,具体代码如下:

public void setId(String id, boolean notify) {
 
    if ((this.id != null) && (manager != null))
        manager.remove(this);
 
    this.id = id;
 
    if (manager != null)
        manager.add(this);
 
    if (notify) {
        tellNew();
    }
}

4.销毁Session

Tomcat会定期检测出不活跃的session,然后将其删除,一方面session占用内存,另一方面是安全性的考虑;启动tomcat的同时会启动一个后台线程用来检测过期的session,具体可以查看ContainerBase的内部类ContainerBackgroundProcessor:

protected class ContainerBackgroundProcessor implements Runnable {
 
     @Override
     public void run() {
         Throwable t = null;
         String unexpectedDeathMessage = sm.getString(
                 "containerBase.backgroundProcess.unexpectedThreadDeath",
                 Thread.currentThread().getName());
         try {
             while (!threadDone) {
                 try {
                     Thread.sleep(backgroundProcessorDelay * 1000L);
                 } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                     // Ignore
                 }
                 if (!threadDone) {
                     Container parent = (Container) getMappingObject();
                     ClassLoader cl =
                         Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
                     if (parent.getLoader() != null) {
                         cl = parent.getLoader().getClassLoader();
                     }
                     processChildren(parent, cl);
                 }
             }
         } catch (RuntimeException e) {
             t = e;
             throw e;
         } catch (Error e) {
             t = e;
             throw e;
         } finally {
             if (!threadDone) {
                 log.error(unexpectedDeathMessage, t);
             }
         }
     }
 
     protected void processChildren(Container container, ClassLoader cl) {
         try {
             if (container.getLoader() != null) {
                 Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader
                     (container.getLoader().getClassLoader());
             }
             container.backgroundProcess();
         } catch (Throwable t) {
             ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t);
             log.error("Exception invoking periodic operation: ", t);
         } finally {
             Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(cl);
         }
         Container[] children = container.findChildren();
         for (int i = 0; i < children.length; i++) {
             if (children[i].getBackgroundProcessorDelay() <= 0) {
                 processChildren(children[i], cl);
             }
         }
     }
 }

backgroundProcessorDelay默认值是10,也就是每10秒检测一次,然后调用Container的backgroundProcess方法,此方法又调用Manager里面的backgroundProcess:

public void backgroundProcess() {
    count = (count + 1) % processExpiresFrequency;
    if (count == 0)
        processExpires();
}
 
/**
 * Invalidate all sessions that have expired.
 */
public void processExpires() {
 
    long timeNow = System.currentTimeMillis();
    Session sessions[] = findSessions();
    int expireHere = 0 ;
     
    if(log.isDebugEnabled())
        log.debug("Start expire sessions " + getName() + " at " + timeNow + " sessioncount " + sessions.length);
    for (int i = 0; i < sessions.length; i++) {
        if (sessions[i]!=null && !sessions[i].isValid()) {
            expireHere++;
        }
    }
    long timeEnd = System.currentTimeMillis();
    if(log.isDebugEnabled())
         log.debug("End expire sessions " + getName() + " processingTime " + (timeEnd - timeNow) + " expired sessions: " + expireHere);
    processingTime += ( timeEnd - timeNow );
 
}

processExpiresFrequency默认值是6,那其实最后就是6*10=60秒执行一次processExpires,具体如何检测过期在session的isValid方法中:

public boolean isValid() {
 
    if (!this.isValid) {
        return false;
    }
 
    if (this.expiring) {
        return true;
    }
 
    if (ACTIVITY_CHECK && accessCount.get() > 0) {
        return true;
    }
 
    if (maxInactiveInterval > 0) {
        long timeNow = System.currentTimeMillis();
        int timeIdle;
        if (LAST_ACCESS_AT_START) {
            timeIdle = (int) ((timeNow - lastAccessedTime) / 1000L);
        } else {
            timeIdle = (int) ((timeNow - thisAccessedTime) / 1000L);
        }
        if (timeIdle >= maxInactiveInterval) {
            expire(true);
        }
    }
 
    return this.isValid;
}

主要是通过对比当前时间到上次活跃的时间是否超过了maxInactiveInterval,如果超过了就做expire处理;

Redis集中式管理Session分析

在上文中使用tomcat-redis-session-manager来管理session,下面来分析一下是如果通过redis来集中式管理Session的;围绕session如何获取,如何创建,何时更新到redis,以及何时被移除;

1.如何获取

RedisSessionManager重写了findSession方法

public Session findSession(String id) throws IOException {
    RedisSession session = null;
 
    if (null == id) {
      currentSessionIsPersisted.set(false);
      currentSession.set(null);
      currentSessionSerializationMetadata.set(null);
      currentSessionId.set(null);
    } else if (id.equals(currentSessionId.get())) {
      session = currentSession.get();
    } else {
      byte[] data = loadSessionDataFromRedis(id);
      if (data != null) {
        DeserializedSessionContainer container = sessionFromSerializedData(id, data);
        session = container.session;
        currentSession.set(session);
        currentSessionSerializationMetadata.set(container.metadata);
        currentSessionIsPersisted.set(true);
        currentSessionId.set(id);
      } else {
        currentSessionIsPersisted.set(false);
        currentSession.set(null);
        currentSessionSerializationMetadata.set(null);
        currentSessionId.set(null);
      }
    }

sessionId不为空的情况下,会先比较sessionId是否等于currentSessionId中的sessionId,如果等于则从currentSession中取出session,currentSessionId和currentSession都是ThreadLocal变量,这里并没有直接从redis里面取数据,如果同一线程没有去处理其他用户信息,是可以直接从内存中取出的,提高了性能;最后才从redis里面获取数据,从redis里面获取的是一段二进制数据,需要进行反序列化操作,相关序列化和反序列化都在JavaSerializer类中:

public void deserializeInto(byte[] data, RedisSession session, SessionSerializationMetadata metadata)
        throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
    BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(data));
    Throwable arg4 = null;
 
    try {
        CustomObjectInputStream x2 = new CustomObjectInputStream(bis, this.loader);
        Throwable arg6 = null;
 
        try {
            SessionSerializationMetadata x21 = (SessionSerializationMetadata) x2.readObject();
            metadata.copyFieldsFrom(x21);
            session.readObjectData(x2);
        } catch (Throwable arg29) {
    ......
}

二进制数据中保存了2个对象,分别是SessionSerializationMetadata和RedisSession,SessionSerializationMetadata里面保存的是Session中的attributes信息,RedisSession其实也有attributes数据,相当于这份数据保存了2份;

2.如何创建

同样RedisSessionManager重写了createSession方法,2个重要的点分别:sessionId的唯一性问题和session保存到redis中;

// Ensure generation of a unique session identifier.
if (null != requestedSessionId) {
  sessionId = sessionIdWithJvmRoute(requestedSessionId, jvmRoute);
  if (jedis.setnx(sessionId.getBytes(), NULL_SESSION) == 0L) {
    sessionId = null;
  }
} else {
  do {
    sessionId = sessionIdWithJvmRoute(generateSessionId(), jvmRoute);
  } while (jedis.setnx(sessionId.getBytes(), NULL_SESSION) == 0L); // 1 = key set; 0 = key already existed
}

分布式环境下有可能出现生成的sessionId相同的情况,所以需要确保唯一性;保存session到redis中是最核心的一个方法,何时更新,何时过期都在此方法中处理;

3.何时更新到redis

具体看saveInternal方法

protected boolean saveInternal(Jedis jedis, Session session, boolean forceSave) throws IOException {
    Boolean error = true;
 
    try {
      log.trace("Saving session " + session + " into Redis");
 
      RedisSession redisSession = (RedisSession)session;
 
      if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
        log.trace("Session Contents [" + redisSession.getId() + "]:");
        Enumeration en = redisSession.getAttributeNames();
        while(en.hasMoreElements()) {
          log.trace("  " + en.nextElement());
        }
      }
 
      byte[] binaryId = redisSession.getId().getBytes();
 
      Boolean isCurrentSessionPersisted;
      SessionSerializationMetadata sessionSerializationMetadata = currentSessionSerializationMetadata.get();
      byte[] originalSessionAttributesHash = sessionSerializationMetadata.getSessionAttributesHash();
      byte[] sessionAttributesHash = null;
      if (
           forceSave
           || redisSession.isDirty()
           || null == (isCurrentSessionPersisted = this.currentSessionIsPersisted.get())
            || !isCurrentSessionPersisted
           || !Arrays.equals(originalSessionAttributesHash, (sessionAttributesHash = serializer.attributesHashFrom(redisSession)))
         ) {
 
        log.trace("Save was determined to be necessary");
 
        if (null == sessionAttributesHash) {
          sessionAttributesHash = serializer.attributesHashFrom(redisSession);
        }
 
        SessionSerializationMetadata updatedSerializationMetadata = new SessionSerializationMetadata();
        updatedSerializationMetadata.setSessionAttributesHash(sessionAttributesHash);
 
        jedis.set(binaryId, serializer.serializeFrom(redisSession, updatedSerializationMetadata));
 
        redisSession.resetDirtyTracking();
        currentSessionSerializationMetadata.set(updatedSerializationMetadata);
        currentSessionIsPersisted.set(true);
      } else {
        log.trace("Save was determined to be unnecessary");
      }
 
      log.trace("Setting expire timeout on session [" + redisSession.getId() + "] to " + getMaxInactiveInterval());
      jedis.expire(binaryId, getMaxInactiveInterval());
 
      error = false;
 
      return error;
    } catch (IOException e) {
      log.error(e.getMessage());
 
      throw e;
    } finally {
      return error;
    }
  }

以上方法中大致有5中情况下需要保存数据到redis中,分别是:forceSave,redisSession.isDirty(),null == (isCurrentSessionPersisted = this.currentSessionIsPersisted.get()),!isCurrentSessionPersisted以及!Arrays.equals(originalSessionAttributesHash, (sessionAttributesHash = serializer.attributesHashFrom(redisSession)))其中一个为true的情况下保存数据到reids中;

3.1重点看一下forceSave,可以理解forceSave就是内置保存策略的一个标识,提供了三种内置保存策略:DEFAULT,SAVE_ON_CHANGE,ALWAYS_SAVE_AFTER_REQUEST
DEFAULT:默认保存策略,依赖其他四种情况保存session,
SAVE_ON_CHANGE:每次session.setAttribute()、session.removeAttribute()触发都会保存,
ALWAYS_SAVE_AFTER_REQUEST:每一个request请求后都强制保存,无论是否检测到变化;

3.2redisSession.isDirty()检测session内部是否有脏数据

public Boolean isDirty() {
    return Boolean.valueOf(this.dirty.booleanValue() || !this.changedAttributes.isEmpty());
}

每一个request请求后检测是否有脏数据,有脏数据才保存,实时性没有SAVE_ON_CHANGE高,但是也没有ALWAYS_SAVE_AFTER_REQUEST来的粗暴;

3.3后面三种情况都是用来检测三个ThreadLocal变量;

4.何时被移除

上一节中介绍了Tomcat内置看定期检测session是否过期,ManagerBase中提供了processExpires方法来处理session过去的问题,但是在RedisSessionManager重写了此方法

public void processExpires() {
}

直接不做处理了,具体是利用了redis的设置生存时间功能,具体在saveInternal方法中:

jedis.expire(binaryId, getMaxInactiveInterval());

总结

本文大致分析了Tomcat Session管理器,以及tomcat-redis-session-manager是如何进行session集中式管理的,但是此工具完全依赖tomcat容器,如果想完全独立于应用服务器的方案,Spring session是一个不错的选择。

Spring-Session基于Redis管理Session

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